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	<id>https://dna.physics.ox.ac.uk/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Thermostat</id>
	<title>Thermostat - Revision history</title>
	<link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://dna.physics.ox.ac.uk/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Thermostat"/>
	<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://dna.physics.ox.ac.uk/index.php?title=Thermostat&amp;action=history"/>
	<updated>2026-04-24T21:34:24Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Revision history for this page on the wiki</subtitle>
	<generator>MediaWiki 1.43.8</generator>
	<entry>
		<id>https://dna.physics.ox.ac.uk/index.php?title=Thermostat&amp;diff=1210&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Doye at 11:14, 12 June 2019</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://dna.physics.ox.ac.uk/index.php?title=Thermostat&amp;diff=1210&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2019-06-12T11:14:19Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 11:14, 12 June 2019&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l19&quot;&gt;Line 19:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 19:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;A completely Brownian dynamics (on the time scale set by &amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;dt&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt;) can be obtained setting &amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;pt = 1&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt; and &amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;newtonian_steps = 0&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt;. Of course, this makes little sense.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;A completely Brownian dynamics (on the time scale set by &amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;dt&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt;) can be obtained setting &amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;pt = 1&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt; and &amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;newtonian_steps = 0&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt;. Of course, this makes little sense.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Increasing the value of &amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;pt&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt; makes the dynamics more damped, so that overall diffusion is slower but local motion is somewhat better explored. We found that a good thermostat setting to study diffusion-limited events is to set &amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;diff_coeff = 2.5&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt; and &amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;newtonian_steps = 103&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt;. If one is not limited by diffusion, internal relaxation can be &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;speeded &lt;/del&gt;up by lowering the value of &amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;diff_coeff&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt; by a factor 2 or 4.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Increasing the value of &amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;pt&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt; makes the dynamics more damped, so that overall diffusion is slower but local motion is somewhat better explored. We found that a good thermostat setting to study diffusion-limited events is to set &amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;diff_coeff = 2.5&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt; and &amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;newtonian_steps = 103&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt;. If one is not limited by diffusion, internal relaxation can be &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;sped &lt;/ins&gt;up by lowering the value of &amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;diff_coeff&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt; by a factor 2 or 4.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Doye</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://dna.physics.ox.ac.uk/index.php?title=Thermostat&amp;diff=1209&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Doye at 11:13, 12 June 2019</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://dna.physics.ox.ac.uk/index.php?title=Thermostat&amp;diff=1209&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2019-06-12T11:13:35Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
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				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 11:13, 12 June 2019&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l19&quot;&gt;Line 19:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 19:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;A completely Brownian dynamics (on the time scale set by &amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;dt&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt;) can be obtained setting &amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;pt = 1&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt; and &amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;newtonian_steps = 0&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt;. Of course, this makes little sense.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;A completely Brownian dynamics (on the time scale set by &amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;dt&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt;) can be obtained setting &amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;pt = 1&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt; and &amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;newtonian_steps = 0&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt;. Of course, this makes little sense.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Increasing the value of &amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;pt&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt; makes the dynamics more &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;dumped&lt;/del&gt;, so that overall diffusion is slower but local motion is somewhat better explored. We found that a good thermostat setting to study diffusion-limited events is to set &amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;diff_coeff = 2.5&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt; and &amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;newtonian_steps = 103&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt;. If one is not limited by diffusion, internal relaxation can be speeded up by lowering the value of &amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;diff_coeff&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt; by a factor 2 or 4.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Increasing the value of &amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;pt&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt; makes the dynamics more &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;damped&lt;/ins&gt;, so that overall diffusion is slower but local motion is somewhat better explored. We found that a good thermostat setting to study diffusion-limited events is to set &amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;diff_coeff = 2.5&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt; and &amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;newtonian_steps = 103&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt;. If one is not limited by diffusion, internal relaxation can be speeded up by lowering the value of &amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;diff_coeff&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt; by a factor 2 or 4.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Doye</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://dna.physics.ox.ac.uk/index.php?title=Thermostat&amp;diff=609&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Romano at 16:06, 19 March 2013</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://dna.physics.ox.ac.uk/index.php?title=Thermostat&amp;diff=609&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2013-03-19T16:06:36Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 16:06, 19 March 2013&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l13&quot;&gt;Line 13:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 13:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;diff_coeff&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; the overall monomer diffusion coefficient resulting from the thermostat. The code internally sets &amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;pt&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt; to get this value. Specifying &amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;pt&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt; will override this, regardless which comes first in the input file.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;diff_coeff&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; the overall monomer diffusion coefficient resulting from the thermostat. The code internally sets &amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;pt&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt; to get this value. Specifying &amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;pt&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt; will override this, regardless which comes first in the input file.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The algorithm works as follows: the system is evolved for a number of steps equal to &amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;newtonian_steps&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt; according to Newton&#039;s equations of motion. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Than &lt;/del&gt;for each particle a random number is extracted; if it is larger than the value for &amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;pt&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt; (either set explicitly or derived  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The algorithm works as follows: the system is evolved for a number of steps equal to &amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;newtonian_steps&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt; according to Newton&#039;s equations of motion. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Then &lt;/ins&gt;for each particle a random number is extracted; if it is larger than the value for &amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;pt&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt; (either set explicitly or derived  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;from &amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;diff_coeff&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt;) the particle is left untouched. If the random number extracted is lower than the value of &amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;pt&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt;, each of the components of the the velocity and angular momentum of the particle are refreshed according to  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;from &amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;diff_coeff&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt;) the particle is left untouched. If the random number extracted is lower than the value of &amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;pt&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt;, each of the components of the the velocity and angular momentum of the particle are refreshed according to  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;the Maxwell distribution dictated by the value of the temperature.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;the Maxwell distribution dictated by the value of the temperature.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Romano</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://dna.physics.ox.ac.uk/index.php?title=Thermostat&amp;diff=583&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Romano at 11:35, 18 September 2012</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://dna.physics.ox.ac.uk/index.php?title=Thermostat&amp;diff=583&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2012-09-18T11:35:56Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 11:35, 18 September 2012&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l4&quot;&gt;Line 4:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 4:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Then the velocity and momentum of each particle are refreshed, with a given&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Then the velocity and momentum of each particle are refreshed, with a given&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;fixed probability. The new velocities and momenta are chosen according to&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;fixed probability. The new velocities and momenta are chosen according to&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;the Maxwell distribution of the temperature at which the simulation is &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ran&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;the Maxwell distribution of the temperature at which the simulation is &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;run&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;This approximates a Brownian dynamics on time scales much longer than the&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;This approximates a Brownian dynamics on time scales much longer than the&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;refresh interval.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;refresh interval.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Romano</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://dna.physics.ox.ac.uk/index.php?title=Thermostat&amp;diff=582&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Romano at 11:31, 18 September 2012</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://dna.physics.ox.ac.uk/index.php?title=Thermostat&amp;diff=582&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2012-09-18T11:31:28Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
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				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 11:31, 18 September 2012&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l17&quot;&gt;Line 17:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 17:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;the Maxwell distribution dictated by the value of the temperature.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;the Maxwell distribution dictated by the value of the temperature.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;A completely &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Browninan &lt;/del&gt;dynamics (on the time scale set by &amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;dt&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt;) can be obtained setting &amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;pt = 1&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt; and &amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;newtonian_steps = 0&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt;. Of course, this makes little sense.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;A completely &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Brownian &lt;/ins&gt;dynamics (on the time scale set by &amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;dt&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt;) can be obtained setting &amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;pt = 1&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt; and &amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;newtonian_steps = 0&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt;. Of course, this makes little sense.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Increasing the value of &amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;pt&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt; makes the dynamics more dumped, so that overall diffusion is slower but local motion is somewhat better explored. We found that a good thermostat setting to study diffusion-limited events is to set &amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;diff_coeff = 2.5&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt; and &amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;newtonian_steps = 103&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt;. If one is not limited by diffusion, internal relaxation can be speeded up by lowering the value of &amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;diff_coeff&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt; by a factor 2 or 4.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Increasing the value of &amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;pt&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt; makes the dynamics more dumped, so that overall diffusion is slower but local motion is somewhat better explored. We found that a good thermostat setting to study diffusion-limited events is to set &amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;diff_coeff = 2.5&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt; and &amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;newtonian_steps = 103&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt;. If one is not limited by diffusion, internal relaxation can be speeded up by lowering the value of &amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;diff_coeff&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt; by a factor 2 or 4.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Romano</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://dna.physics.ox.ac.uk/index.php?title=Thermostat&amp;diff=522&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Rovigatti at 09:43, 20 April 2012</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://dna.physics.ox.ac.uk/index.php?title=Thermostat&amp;diff=522&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2012-04-20T09:43:45Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 09:43, 20 April 2012&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The thermostat implemented in the simulation code is a simple thermostat&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;best &lt;/ins&gt;thermostat implemented in the simulation code &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;(&#039;&#039;john&#039;&#039; thermostat) &lt;/ins&gt;is a simple thermostat&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;that emulates Brownian dynamics. The system is evolved integrating Newton&amp;#039;s&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;that emulates Brownian dynamics. The system is evolved integrating Newton&amp;#039;s&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;equations of motion (&amp;#039;NVE&amp;#039; ensemble) for a given (small) number of steps.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;equations of motion (&amp;#039;NVE&amp;#039; ensemble) for a given (small) number of steps.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rovigatti</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://dna.physics.ox.ac.uk/index.php?title=Thermostat&amp;diff=521&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Rovigatti at 09:38, 20 April 2012</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://dna.physics.ox.ac.uk/index.php?title=Thermostat&amp;diff=521&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2012-04-20T09:38:42Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 09:38, 20 April 2012&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;he &lt;/del&gt;thermostat implemented in the simulation code is a simple thermostat&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The &lt;/ins&gt;thermostat implemented in the simulation code is a simple thermostat&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;that emulates Brownian dynamics. The system is evolved integrating Newton&amp;#039;s&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;that emulates Brownian dynamics. The system is evolved integrating Newton&amp;#039;s&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;equations of motion (&amp;#039;NVE&amp;#039; ensemble) for a given (small) number of steps.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;equations of motion (&amp;#039;NVE&amp;#039; ensemble) for a given (small) number of steps.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rovigatti</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://dna.physics.ox.ac.uk/index.php?title=Thermostat&amp;diff=484&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Romano: New page: he thermostat implemented in the simulation code is a simple thermostat that emulates Brownian dynamics. The system is evolved integrating Newton&#039;s equations of motion (&#039;NVE&#039; ensemble) for...</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://dna.physics.ox.ac.uk/index.php?title=Thermostat&amp;diff=484&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2012-04-18T01:50:56Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;New page: he thermostat implemented in the simulation code is a simple thermostat that emulates Brownian dynamics. The system is evolved integrating Newton&amp;#039;s equations of motion (&amp;#039;NVE&amp;#039; ensemble) for...&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;he thermostat implemented in the simulation code is a simple thermostat&lt;br /&gt;
that emulates Brownian dynamics. The system is evolved integrating Newton&amp;#039;s&lt;br /&gt;
equations of motion (&amp;#039;NVE&amp;#039; ensemble) for a given (small) number of steps.&lt;br /&gt;
Then the velocity and momentum of each particle are refreshed, with a given&lt;br /&gt;
fixed probability. The new velocities and momenta are chosen according to&lt;br /&gt;
the Maxwell distribution of the temperature at which the simulation is ran.&lt;br /&gt;
This approximates a Brownian dynamics on time scales much longer than the&lt;br /&gt;
refresh interval.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;dt&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; time steps of the integration&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;newtonian steps&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; number of steps between refresh attempts&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;pt&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; the probability with which each particle gets its velocity and momentum refreshed at each attempt.&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;diff_coeff&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; the overall monomer diffusion coefficient resulting from the thermostat. The code internally sets &amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;pt&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt; to get this value. Specifying &amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;pt&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt; will override this, regardless which comes first in the input file.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The algorithm works as follows: the system is evolved for a number of steps equal to &amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;newtonian_steps&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt; according to Newton&amp;#039;s equations of motion. Than for each particle a random number is extracted; if it is larger than the value for &amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;pt&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt; (either set explicitly or derived &lt;br /&gt;
from &amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;diff_coeff&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt;) the particle is left untouched. If the random number extracted is lower than the value of &amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;pt&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt;, each of the components of the the velocity and angular momentum of the particle are refreshed according to &lt;br /&gt;
the Maxwell distribution dictated by the value of the temperature.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A completely Browninan dynamics (on the time scale set by &amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;dt&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt;) can be obtained setting &amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;pt = 1&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt; and &amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;newtonian_steps = 0&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt;. Of course, this makes little sense.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Increasing the value of &amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;pt&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt; makes the dynamics more dumped, so that overall diffusion is slower but local motion is somewhat better explored. We found that a good thermostat setting to study diffusion-limited events is to set &amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;diff_coeff = 2.5&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt; and &amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;newtonian_steps = 103&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt;. If one is not limited by diffusion, internal relaxation can be speeded up by lowering the value of &amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;diff_coeff&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt; by a factor 2 or 4.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Romano</name></author>
	</entry>
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